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a) Which among the following reduces Tollen’s reagent?

i) Methanal

ii) Propanone

iii) Benzophenone

iv) Acetophenone

b) Since both aldehydes and ketones possess carbonyl functional group, they undergo similar chemical reactions.

i) Explain the structure of carbonyl group.

ii) Explain Aldol condensation with an example.

OR

a) Which among the following does not give red precipitate with Fehling’s solution?

i) Ethanal

ii) Propanal

iii) Butanal

iv) Benzaldehyde

b) How will you bring about the following conversions?

i) Toluene into Benzaldehyde

ii) Benzoic Acid to Benzamide

c) Explain Cannizaro reaction with an example.

1 Answer

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Best answer

a) i)Methanal
b) i) The carbonyl C atom is sp2 hybridized. Carbon forms 3 α bonds and one π bond. Plus Two Chemistry Chapter Wise Previous Questions Chapter 12 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 70

The C = O bond is polarised due to higher electronegativity of oxygen relative to carbon.

ii) Aldehyde or ketone containing at least one x-hydrogen undergo self-condensation reaction with dil. alkali (e.g. dil. NaOH) as catalyst to form β – hydroxy aldehydes (atdol) or β – hydroxy ketones (ketol) respec travel.

OR

a) iv) Benzaldehyde

b) i) Etard’s reaction Toluene on treatment with CrO3 and acetic unhydride gives benzaldehyde

c) i) Canizzaro reaction - Aldehydes which do not have an α-hydrogen atom, undergo self oxidation and reduction (disproportionation) reaction on treatment with concentrated alkali. In this reaction, one molecule of the aldehyde is reduced to alcohot while another is oxidised to carboxylic acid salt.

e.g.

ii) Carboxylic acids react with alcohols or phenols in the presence of mineral acids such as concentrated H2SO4 or HCI gas as catalysts to form esters. This reaction is known as esterification.

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