Question

Succession on different habitat are different in nature 

1. Name the pioneer species on a bare rock.

2. How do they help in establishing the next type of vegetation?

3. Mention the type of climax community that will ultimately get established.

Answer 1

1. Lichens are the pioneer species:

2. They absorb water due to their spongy structure and secrete carbonic acid which loosens rock particles and help in weathering of rocks and soil formation; thus, they pave way to some small plants like bryophytes.

3. The climax community will be a forest.