(i) Three couples can be seated in a row in 3P3 = 3! Ways.
Now, in each couple, the spouses can be arranged in 2P2 = 2! , ways
Thus for three couples, number of arrangements = 2! × 2! × 2!
∴ Total number of ways in which spouses are seated next to each other = 3! × 2! × 2! × 2! = 6 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 48 ways.
(ii) Now, if the three ladies are to be seated together, there are regard 3 ladies as one block.
Therefore, there are now 4 people can be arranged in 4P4 = 4! = 24 ways.
But 3 ladies can interchange their position in 3! = 6 ways
∴ Total number of arrangements in which 3 ladies sit together = 24 × 6 = 144.