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The partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase is proportional to the mole fraction of the gas in the solution. This is the commonly used law for expressing the solubility of gas in liquid.

1. Name the law. Write its mathematical expression.

2. What are the factors affecting the solubility of a gas in a liquid? Explain.

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1. Roult’s law.

For an ideal solution containing two volatile components A and B,

PA = P°A χA,

PB = P°B χand

P[Total] = PA +PB = P°AχA + P°BχB

2. The factors affecting the solubility of a gas in a liquid :

  • Nature of the gas and the liquid – Each gas has a characteristic solubility in a particular liquid at a particular temperature and pressure.
  • Temperature – solubility of a gas in a liquid is an exothermic process. Hence according to Le Chatelier’s principle solubility of gases in liquids decreases with rise in temperature.
  • Pressure – According to Henry’s law, solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas.

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