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The light rays travelling from rarer to denser medium is given in the figure

1. Redraw the diagram and correct it

2. State the law relating i and r for retracted ray.

3. Velocity of light in water is 2.25 × 108 m/s, If angle of incidence is 30° calculate angle of refraction.

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Best answer

1. 

2. Snells law:

The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant for a given pair of media and for the given colour of light used. This constant is known as the refractive index of second medium w.r. t. the first medium.

Explanation:

If ‘i’ is the angle of incidence in the first medium and ‘r’ is the angle of refraction in the second medium, then by Snell’s law,

\(\frac{sin\,i}{sin\,r}=\frac{n_2}{n_1}\) = 1n2 = a constant

Where 1n2 is the refractive index of the second medium with respect to the first medium. If the first medium is air, then sin i/sin r is known as absolute refractive index of the second medium.

i.e, \(\frac{sin\,i}{sin\,r}\) = n

where ‘n’ is the refractive index of the second medium.

3.  n = \(\frac{sin\,i}{sin\,r}\) But n = \(\frac{c}{v}\)

\(\frac{c}{v}\) = \(\frac{sin\,i}{sin\,r}\)

\(\frac{3\times10^8}{2.25\times10^8}\) = \(\frac{sin\,30°}{sin\,r}\)

sin r = \(\frac{\frac{1}{2}\times 2.25\times10^8}{2.25\times10^8}\)

sin r = 0.375, r = 22°

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