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Account for the following:

1. Methylamine in water reacts with ferric chloride to precipitate hydrated ferric oxide. 

2. Although amino group is o- and pdirecting in anomatic electrophilic substitution reactions, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline.

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1. Methyl amine, being more basic than water exists in water as N-methylammonium hydroxide which reacts with ferric chloride to form hydrated ferric oxide.

CH3NH2 + H2O ⇋ CH3VH3+OH-

6CH3NH3+OH-(aq) + 2FeCl3(aq) ⇋ 

2. Aniline being a base mostly gets protonated in the presence of acids to form anilinium ions (NH3+). For electrophlic ring substitution, – NH2 group is activating and ortho and para directing whereas – NH3+ is deactivating and meta directing. In aniline, the probability of NO2+ attack at para position is relatively more because of steric hinderance at ortho position. Anilinium ion, the attack of NO3+ mostly occurs at meta position.

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