1. Methyl amine, being more basic than water exists in water as N-methylammonium hydroxide which reacts with ferric chloride to form hydrated ferric oxide.
CH3NH2 + H2O ⇋ CH3VH3+OH-
6CH3NH3+OH-(aq) + 2FeCl3(aq) ⇋
2. Aniline being a base mostly gets protonated in the presence of acids to form anilinium ions (NH3+). For electrophlic ring substitution, – NH2 group is activating and ortho and para directing whereas – NH3+ is deactivating and meta directing. In aniline, the probability of NO2+ attack at para position is relatively more because of steric hinderance at ortho position. Anilinium ion, the attack of NO3+ mostly occurs at meta position.