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in Haloalkanes and Haloarenes by (26.7k points)
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Nitration is one of the ring substitution reactions. 

1. How it will be carried out? 

2. What are the products obtained when chloro-benzene is heated with the nitrating mixture?

3. What is the difference if the same compound is heated with fuming H2SO4 ?

1 Answer

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1. By heating with nitrating mixture (mixture of conc.HNO3 and conc.H2O4)

2. A mixture of 1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene (minor product) and 1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene (major product) is obtained.

3. If chloro benzene is heated with fuming H2SO4 sulphonation will take place resulting in the formation of a mixture of 2- Chlorobenzene sulphonic acid (minor product) and 4- Chlorobenzene sulphonic acid (major product).

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