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Prove that the square of any positive integer is of the form 5q, 5q + 1, 5q + 4 for some integer q.

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Since any positive integer n is of the form 5p or 5p + 1, or 5p + 2 or 5m + 3 or 5p +4.

When n = 5p, then

n 2 = (5p)2 = 25p2

⇒ 5 (5p2) = 5a,

where a = 5p2

When n = 5p + 1, then

n2 = (5p + 1)2 = 25p2 + 10p + 1

⇒ 5p(5p + 2) + 1

⇒ 5a + 1

Where a = p(5p + 2)

When n = 5p + 2, then

n2 = (5p + 2)

⇒ 25p2 + 20p + 4

⇒ 5p(5p + 4) + 4

⇒ 5a + 4

where a = p(5p + 4)

When n = 5p + 3, then

n2 = 25p2 + 30p + 9

⇒ 5(5p2 + 6p + 1) + 4

⇒ 5a + 4

where a = 5p2 + 6m + 1

When n = 5p + 4, then

n2 = (5p + 4)2 = 25p2 + 40p + 16

⇒ 5(5p2 + 8m + 3) + 1 = 5a + 1

where a = 5p2 + 8m + 3

Therefore from above results we got that n2 is of the form 5q or, 5q + 1 or, 5q + 4.

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