Modernization has a long history. Modernization means the path Western Europe and America followed in the 17-19 centuries. Spokespersons for modernization say that other societies also must follow this very same path. From 19th century, there have been changes in the viewpoints regarding modernization. Modernization was evaluated relating it to creative and desirable values. People and societies wanted to become modem. In the 20th century, this view became strong. The progress in technology and manufacturing process was considered modernization. The shift from traditional society to a more cultured society is also called modernization.
It was considered the opposite of tradition In India, modernity began during the colonial rule. It is this colonial background that marks our modernization and secularization different from those of the Westerners. Modernization and secularization are mutually related. They both are modem concepts. So we discuss them together here. Sociologists have tried to dene and interpret the meaning and content of the process of modernization.
In their views the following are the features of modernization:
- Modernization denies regional limitations and narrow views, it gives importance to universality and cosmopolitan attitudes.
- it. gives preference to science and reason above emotion and irrationality.
- St treats the individual, and not groups, as the basic unit the society.
- Birth should not be the basis for one’s profession or status. It should be chosen by individuals. St should be wisdom that must determine our approach to nature. Fate or destiny has no place here.The identity of a person must be chosen and acquired, not imposed.
- In the bureaucratic system, family, residence, community, etc. should have separate existence.
