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1. What are buffer solutions? 

2. Which of the following are buffer solutions ?

NaCl + HCl

NH4Cl + NH4OH

HCOOH + HCOOK 

3. What is the effect of pressure on the following equilibria?

(i) Ice ⇌ Water 

(ii) N2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2NO(g)

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1. These are solutions which resist change in pH on dilution or with the addition of small amounts of acid or alkali. 

2. NH4Cl + NH4OH 

3. (i) When pressure is increased the melting point of ice decreases and hence the rate of forward reaction will increase. 

(ii) Pressure has no effect in this equilibrium because there is no change in the number of moles of the gaseous reactants and products.

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