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in Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques by (38.9k points)
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(a) Explain the term 

(i) Inductive effect 

(ii) Nucleophile 

(b) Write the structural formula of the following. 

(i) 2,5,6-Trimethyloctane 

(ii) 2,4-Dimethylpentane

(c) Suggest the suitable technique for separation of organic compounds given in the data. 

(i) Aniline-water mixture 

(ii) Glycerol from spent-lye

1 Answer

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(a) Inductive effect: 

If more electronegative atom X linked to a carbon atom then the bonded electron pair will be shifted more towards X. So X acquires a small negative charge and carbon get a small charge. So this carbon atom attracts the a bonded electron pair towards its from nearest carbon atom. Therefore the change is transferred from one carbon to other.

Nucleophile : Nucleus loving species negatively charge species like   etc. are called nucleophiles.

(b) 2,5,6-Trimethyloctane

(c) (i) Fractional distillation. 

(ii) Distillation under reduced pressure.

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