In 1949, the Chinese Republic was established. Its basis was a new democracy. This was different from the Soviet Union s concept of the dictatorship of the Proletariat. Democracy means the union of all social classes.
All the decisive areas of the economy were taken under the control of the government. Private entrepreneurship and private land owning were gradually ended. This scheme lasted until 1953, The government declared that there was going to be a socialist transformation. To make industrialization fast, Mao brought in the scheme called the Great Leap Forward, in 1958.
The government encouraged people to establish iron melting furnaces behind their homes. For collective farming, in the rural sector, communes of people were established. In 1958 itself there were 26,000 such communes.
Mao was able to make people ready for working to achieve the aims of the Party. His main goal was creating a socialist man.
A socialist man should have five livings:
love for the fatherland, love for people, hard work, science, and common property. Democratic organizations were formed for peasants, women, students and other classes of people.
