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Mobile phone technology has evolved through four generations. 

1. Which generation is called Long Terms Evolution? 

2. Explain some major advancements evolved through these generations.

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1. 4G 

2. Generations in mobile communication The mobile phone was introduced in the year 1946. Early stage it was expensive and limited services hence its growth was very slow. To solve this problem, cellular communication concept was developed in 1960’s at Bell Lab. 1990’s onwards cellular technology became a common standard in our country. 

The various generations in mobile communication are: 

(a) First Generation networks(1G): 

It was developed around 1980, based on analog system and only voice transmission was allowed.

(b) Second Generation networks(2G): 

This is the next generation network that was allowed voice and data transmission. Picture message and l\4MS(Multimedia Messaging Service) were introduced. GSM and CDMA standards were introduced by 2G. 

(i) Global System for Mobile(GSM): 

It is the most successful standard. It uses narrow band TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access), allows simultaneous calls on the same frequency range of 900 MHz to 1800 MHz. The network is identified using the SIM(Subscriber Identity Module). 

(a) GPRS(General Packet Radio Services): 

It is a packet oriented mobile data service on the 2G on GSM. GPRS was originally standardized by European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) GPRS usage is typically charged based on volume of data transferred. Usage above the bundle cap is either charged per megabyte or disallowed.

(b) EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution): 

It is three times faster than GPRS. It is used for voice communication as well as an internet connection. 

(ii) Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA): 

It is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies. CDMA is an example of multiple access, which is where several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel. This allows several users to share a band of frequencies To permit this to be achieved without undue interference between the users, and provide better security.

(c) Third Generation networks(3G): 

It allows high data transfer rate for mobile devices and offers high speed wireless broadband services combining voice and data. To enjoy this service 3G enabled mobile towers and hand sets required. 

(d) Fourth Generation networks(4G): 

lt is also called Long Term Evolution(LTE) and also offers ultra broadband Internet facility such as high quality streaming video. It also offers good quality image and videos than TV.

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