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Write an essay on how components of petroleum can be identified for adulteration

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Many techniques have been developed and used to detect adulteration in oil. These techniques include physical-chemical analysis, spectral analysis, gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), and electronic nose. Physical and chemical analysis includes sensory evaluation, colorimetry, centrifugation, and freezing. These traditional methods are simple and convenient and suitable for local monitoring. However, physical and chemical analysis methods are not accurate, require high degree technical expertise, and can only determine whether the sample is adulterated without finding out which specific component is adulterated. Spectral methods, e.g., Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR).

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