Answer:
1. Answer : (c) Typhoid
Explanation: Typhoid is a bacterial infection that can lead to a high fever, diarrhea, and vomiting. It can be fatal. It is caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi. The infection is often passed on through contaminated food and drinking water, and it is more prevalent in places where handwashing is less frequent.
2. Answer : (c) Leishmania
Explanation: Kala azar is caused by bites from female phlebotomine sandflies—the vector (or transmitter) of the leishmania parasite. The sand flies feed on animals and humans for blood, which they need for developing their eggs.
3. Answer :(a) animals carry the infecting agents from sick person to another healthy person
Explanation: A vector is an organism that does not cause disease itself but which spreads infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another. A "vector" in this sense is a vehicle for delivering genetic material such as DNA to a cell.
4. Answer : (d) Pneumonia
Explanation: Pneumonia is a disease that is not transmitted by the mosquitoes. Pneumonia refers to various pulmonary infections that are caused by viruses, fungi, and bacteria. The bacteria Diplococcus pneumoniae is the predominant causative agent of pneumonia.
5. Answer : (b) water
Explanation: The hepatitis A virus is transmitted primarily by the faecal-oral route; that is when an uninfected person ingests food or water that has been contaminated with the faeces of an infected person. In families, this may happen through dirty hands when an infected person prepares food for family members.
6 . Answer : (a) Trypanosoma
Explanation: African Trypanosomiasis, also known as “sleeping sickness”, is caused by microscopic parasites of the species Trypanosoma brucei. It is transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina species), which is found only in sub-Saharan Africa.
7. Answer : (c) Chronic
Explanation: The most common types of chronic disease are cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and arthritis.
8. Answer : (a) Mosquito
Explanation: Yellow fever virus (YFV), an arthropod-borne virus in the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae, is the etiologic agent of yellow fever.
9. Answer : (c) Helicobactor pylori
Explanation: The most common causes of peptic ulcers are infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve).
10. Answer : (b) liver
Explanation: Hepatocellular jaundice occurs as a result of liver disease or injury. Hemolytic jaundice occurs as a result of hemolysis, or an accelerated breakdown of red blood cells, leading to an increase in the production of bilirubin. Obstructive jaundice occurs as a result of an obstruction in the bile duct.
11. Answer : (c) Chewing tobacco
Explanation: It is a chronic disease that causes long term effects on an individual. Stress can be caused by many sudden changes and situations in our life. It is easy to handle and does not cause long-term effects on humans.
12. Answer : (d) Anuria
Explanation: A condition of failure of the kidney to form urine is called Anuria or enuresis.
13. Answer : (c) It creates immunity in the body
Explanation: It is particularly critical that sick children and newborn babies are immunized because their immunity levels are lower than those of other children. All sick children and newborns should be immunized during the polio campaigns to give them the protection against polio that they desperately need.
14. Answer : (b) Use of spices in food
Explanation: A bacterium called Vibrio cholerae causes cholera infection. The deadly effects of the disease are the result of a toxin the bacteria produces in the small intestine. The toxin causes the body to secrete enormous amounts of water, leading to diarrhea and a rapid loss of fluids and salts (electrolytes).
15. Answer : (a) Typhoid-Paratyphoid A and B Vaccine
Explanation: The vaccine TAB is used for the prevention of Typhoid. This vaccine helps in preventing typhoid, paratyphoid A and the paratyphoid B.
16. Answer : (d) Sneezing and coughing
Explanation: Infectious diseases are transmitted from person to person by direct or indirect contact. Certain types of viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi can all cause infectious diseases. Malaria, measles, and respiratory illnesses are examples of infectious diseases.
17. Answer : (c) Goitre
Explanation: The most common cause of goiters worldwide is a lack of iodine in the diet.
18. Answer :(d) Amoebiasis
Explanation: Amoebiasis, a type of gastro, is a cause of diarrhoea among travellers to developing countries. It is caused by a parasite known as Entamoeba histolytica that infects the bowel. Amoebiasis most commonly affects young to middle-aged adults. Proper handwashing helps prevent the spread of amoebiasis.
19. Answer : (d) Tuberculosis
Explanation: Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) disease. This vaccine is not widely used in the United States, but it is often given to infants and small children in other countries where TB is common. BCG does not always protect people from getting TB.
20. Answer : (d) Diabetes
Explanation: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact. The contact is usually vaginal, oral, and anal sex. But sometimes they can spread through other intimate physical contact.
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