Answer:
1. Answer:(a) inflorescence axis
Explanation: Floral stalks or pedicels of Artabotrys produce a curbed hook. This hook is the modification of the inflorescence axis that helps the plant in climbing.
2. Answer: (a) haustorial
Explanation: Haustorial root is present in (1) Zea mays (2) Cactus (3) Cuscuta (4) Monotropa. The root is an underground part of the plant that absorbs water and minerals from the soil and anchors the plant firmly. Sucking or Haustorial roots – These roots are found in parasitic plants.
3. Answer:(c) bracts
Explanation: The color of the Bougainvillea flower depends upon the color of its bracts. These bracts are the specialized leaf that is modified. They may even form the petals or sepals of the flowers giving them different colors.
4. Answer: (a) Brassicaceae
Explanation::Replum is present in the ovary of flower of mustard. A false septun called replum develops between the two parietal placentae in mustard and other members of family Brassicaceae
5. Answer: (b) Samara
Explanation:A samara is a winged achene, a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. A samara is a simple dry fruit, and is indehiscent (not opening along a seam).
6. Answer: (a) Composite fruit
Explanation: Such fruit is often referred to as fruitlessness is a Composite fruit. There are composite fruits of two kinds.
7. Answer: (a) phylloclade
Explanation:Phylloclade is a modification of stem because the stem modifies into a green fleshy leaf life structure having distinct nodes and internodes.
8. Answer: (b) Indigofera
Explanation: Keel is petal is vexillary aestivation, which is a characteristic of family - Fabaceae, i.e. Indigofera tomato belongs to the family - Solanaceae, tulip and while aloe to Liliaceae. Hence, the keel is the characteristic feature of the flower of a family - Papilionaceae.
9. Answer: (b) Hypogynous
Explanation:A typical flower with superior ovary and other floral parts inferior is. A typical flower that has an ovary placed superior along with the other floral organs is known as hypogynous. The other floral organs are also attached under the ovary to the receptacle.
10. Answer: (c) Tomato
Explanation:The placenta can be defined as an outgrowth of a parenchymatous tissue in the inner wall of the ovary to which the ovule or ovules remain attached. Thus, both placenta and pericarp in tomatoes are edible.
11.Answer: (d) Cypsela
Explanation: Cypsela is dry, indehiscent, single-seeded fruit develops from an unilocular, single ovulate inferior ovary of bicarpellary, syncarpous, gynoecium possessing basal placentation. The fruit wall develops from pericarp and thalamus and is thin and remains attached to the seed at one point, eg, Helianthus.
12.Answer: (d) Axile
Explanation: Axile type of placentation is seen in lemon and tomato. In this type of placentation, the ovary is partitioned into two or more chambers by septa. The placenta is formed in the central region where all the septa intersect or meet and therefore an axle column bearing ovules is formed.
13.Answer: (b) a cluster of compactly borne flowers on a common axis
Explanation:Pineapple fruit develops from a cluster of compactly borne flowers on a common axis. It develops from spike, spadix, or catkin. In such cases, the flowers remain with their succulent petals, the axis bearing them grows and becomes fleshy or woody.
14. Answer: (b) proteins
Explanation: The aleurone layer of maize grain is especially rich in proteins. Aleurone is a protein found in protein granules of mature seeds and tubers. The aleurone layer is the outermost layer is the outermost layer of the endosperm.
15.Answer: (b) 63
Explanation: The number of chromosomes in the diploid cell of the root tip as given is 42, which means one set is of 21 chromosomes. So the cells of the aleurone layer of the given plant will have 63 chromosomes.
16. Answer: (b) napiform
Explanation: Napiform root- The root is nearly globular or spherical in shape. The basal portion of the root is much swollen which suddenly tapers towards the apex giving a top-shaped appearance.
17. Answer: (b) cladode
Explanation: Cladodes (also called cladophylls or phylloclades) are shoot systems in which leaves do not develop; rather, the stems become flattened and assume the photosynthetic functions of the plant. In asparagus (Asparagus officinalis; Asparagaceae), the scales found on the asparagus spears are the true leaves.
18.Answer: (d) Adventitious root
Explanation: Sweet potato is a changed adventitious root. Few plants are modified by their root systems and execute specialized features. There may be fleshy and swollen transformed roots Modified roots, in the form of water and starch, serve as a storage portion to store the food required for the plant.
19. Answer: (a) citrus
Explanation:Plants like Citrus and Dionaea have winged petiole in them. This also gives a characteristic foliage arrangement to the plant. Outgrowth present on each side of the petiole in some species is called stipules.
20. Answer: (a) only aerial roots of orchids
Explanation:Velamen tissue is found in the aerial roots of some orchids or vanda. Vanda is a genus in the orchid family orchidaceae. Velamen is a spongy, multiple epidermis that covers the roots of some epiphytic or semi-epiphytic plants, such as orchid species.
21.Answer: (a) caryopsis
Explanation:Caryopsis is a term used for small, dry, indehiscent, single-seeded fruits that are developed from a monocarpellary ovary. Here the pericarp is fused with the seed coat. Therefore, the maize grain is a fruit known as a caryopsis.
22. Answer: (b) groundnut
Explanation:Geocarpic fruit is groundnut.Geocarpy refers to an extremely rare means of plant reproduction. Here the plants produce via diaspores within the soil. This has evolved as an effective means of ensuring a suitable environment for the plant's offspring.
23.Answer: (a) Dianthus
Explanation:Free central : It is found in bicarpellary to multicarpellary syncarpous ovary. Due to degradation of false septum unilocular condition is formed and ovules are arranged on the central axis. E.g.: Dianthus, Primula (primroses).
24. Answer: (d) ligule
Explanation: In early heterosporous plants, magaspores were released form the parent. But in seed plants, these are retained and fertilised to become seed. This habit is seen in Selaginella which bears a small multicellular scale-like structure called ligule at the base of leaf on adaxial side.
25.Answer: (d) Endosperm
Explanation: The morphological nature of the edible part of coconut is. The edible part of coconut is endosperrn. Coconut water is free nuclear endospenn and white kernel is the cellular endosperm.
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