Answer:
1. Answer : (a) Bubalus bubalus
Explanation: The Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is a subgenus of the genus Bos (Bubalinae) and is a descendent of the wild species (Bubalus arnee) of mainland Asia.
2.Answer :(a) Wheat, rice and maize
Explanation: Wheat, rice and maize are the three crops that contribute maximum to the global food grain production.
3. Answer :(b) Goat
Explanation: The worlds highly prized wool yielding Pashmina breed is goat.
4. Answer : (a) By Protoplast fusion
Explanation: Somatic hybridization is the technique that allows manipulation of the cellular genome by a process called protoplast fusion. It is a type of genetic modification in plants by which two distinct species of plants are fused together to form a new hybrid plant with the characteristics of both.
5. Answer : (b) Micro-propagation
Explanation: Micropropagation is the latest method of obtaining a large number of plantlets from plant tissues culture. It is called micropropagation because of the minute size of the propagules. It involves repeated subculture of the explant by changing the medium so as to form a large number of plantlets from that single explant.
6. Answer : (a) Rye
Explanation: Triticale is the first man made crop. It is an artificial allopolyploid derived by crossing wheat (Triticum) with rye (Secale).
7. Answer : (a) selection and hybridization
Explanation: The new plant varieties are produced by selection and hybridization. Selection is a non-random process which leads to individuals of different genotypes being represented unequally in their progeny in later generations of a population of self propagating units. Selection can be natural or artificial.
8. Answer : (a) part of the plant used in tissue culture
Explanation: An explant is a part of the plant that taken out and grown in special nutritive media under sterile conditions. This is the process to generate a whole plant in tissue culture.
9. Answer : (a) essential amino acids
Explanation: Lysine and tryptophan are essential amino acids.
10. Answer :(a) a plant cell without a cell wall
Explanation: Protoplasts are cells which have had their cell wall removed, usually by digestion with enzymes. Cellulase enzymes digest the cellulose in plant cell walls while pectinase enzymes break down the pectin holding cells together. Once the cell wall has been removed the resulting protoplast is spherical in shape.
11. Answer : (a) vitamin A
Explanation: Cod liver oil contains vitamin A, a vital nutrient for immune system function, cellular growth, eye health, and reproduction. It's also rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which decrease blood clot formation and reduce inflammation in the body.
12. Answer : (a) Jersey
Explanation: Jersey, breed of small short-horned dairy cattle originating on Jersey, one of the Channel Islands; it is believed to have descended from French cattle. The colour of the Jersey is usually a shade of fawn or cream, but darker shades are common.
13. Answer : (a) Methanogenic
Explanation: Methanogens are widely used in anaerobic digestors to treat wastewater as well as aqueous organic pollutants. Industries have selected methanogens for their ability to perform biomethanation during wastewater decomposition thereby rendering the process sustainable and cost-effective.
14. Answer : (a) Hilsa
Explanation: Hilsa is a major marine fish resource in the Bay of Bengal.
15. Answer :(a) wax
Explanation: The most common products of apiculture include (i) Bees wax which finds many uses in industry, such as in the preparation of cosmetics and polishes of various kinds.
16. Answer : (a) India and China
Explanation: More than 70 per cent of livestock population is in India and China. However the contribution to the world farm production is only 25% i.e; the productivity per unit is very low.
17. Answer : (c) meristem
Explanation: If a viral infection is suspected, cultures should be initiated from shoot meristems. These can be excised using a stereo microscope. Viruses do not usually invade plant meristems and unpublished studies have shown that explants consisting of shoot meristems and one to two leaf primordia are virus-free.
18.Answer : (c) Animal husbandry
Explanation: Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock.
19. Answer : (b) Dairying
Explanation: Dairying is the management of animals for milk and its products for human consumption.
20. Answer : (b) Domesticated varieties
Explanation: Today, all our major food crops are derived from domesticated varieties. Classical plant breeding involves crossing or hybridisation of pure lines, followed by artificial selection to produce plants with desirable traits of higher yield, nutrition and resistance to diseases.
21. Answer : (b) Out-crossing
Explanation: Out-crossing is the best method for animals that are below average in productivity in milk production and growth rate in beef-cattle.
22. Answer : (d) Wheat
Explanation: Norman Borlaug is called as father of green Revolution. He has developed highly recognized and appreciated cultivating variety of wheat that increased the productivity of wheat many fold in different parts of world including India.
23. Answer : (d) Somatic Hybridisation
Explanation: Development of hybrid plants through the fusion of somatic protoplasts of two different plant species/varieties is called somatic hybridization.
24. Answer : (d) Acclimatization
Explanation: Modification and adjustment of an organism to a local area are known as acclimatization. It is the process in which a particular organism gradually adjusts with various factors of environment like temperature, humidity, photoperiod, and pH.
25. Answer :(b) Anther
Explanation : Anther can yield a completely haploid plant because anther is produced by meiosis cell division contain half the number of chromosome their normal cells have.
Click here to practice MCQ Question for Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12