Question

Class 12 Biology MCQ Questions of Biotechnology and its Applications with Answers?

Answer 1

We have provided Biotechnology and its Applications Class 12 MCQ Questions with Answers to help students understand the concept very well. MCQ Questions for Class 12 Biology with Answers were prepared based on the latest exam pattern. 

Solving the MCQ Questions of Class 12 Biology can be of extreme help as you will be aware of all the concepts thereby helping you to enhance subject knowledge. Practice the given MCQ Questions for your better preparation. Many questions have been asked from this topic in past board and medical exams, and therefore, It is imperative that students study this chapter thoroughly. To aid you in your preparation, we have handpicked a few MCQ Questions which we deem important from a learning perspective.

Practice MCQ Question for Class 12 Biology chapter-wise

1. Restriction Endonuclease used in RDT obtained from:

(a) Plasmid
(b) Bacterial cells
(c) Bacterophages
(d) All Prokaryotic cells

2. Some bacterial occured B-7 Toxin’s crystal not kill the Bacteria because of:

(a) Bacteria is Antoxin
(b) Toxin is unripened
(c) Toxin is inactive
(d) Bacteria enclosed toxin a special sell

3. First Transjenic crop was :

(a) Cotton
(b) Alsi
(c) Pea
(d) Tobacco

4. Adjoining of exotic gene is crop is called :

(a) Genetic Engineering
(b) Bio architecture
(c) Tissue culture
(d) Immunisation

5. Cry protein is obtained from

(a) Bacillus thuringiensis
(b) Bacillus subtilis
(c) Clostridium welchi
(d) E. coli

6. B7 Toxin is :

(a) Intracellular lipid
(b) Intracellular crystal protein
(c) Extracellular Crystal protein
(d) Lipid

7. Somatic hybridization can be done by:

(a) By Protoplast fusion
(b) By Haploid anther
(c) By cell culture
(d) ByPollen culture

8. The Ti plasmid used in genetic engineering is obtained from:

(a) Bacillus thruingiensis
(b) E. Coli
(c) Agrobacterium hizogenes
(d) Agrobacterium tumefaciens

9. From which one of the following plants, the insecticide pyrethrum is prepared.

(a) Cymohopogen
(b) Tephrosia
(c) Crysanthemum
(d) Vitivera

10. First biochemical to be produced commercially by microbial cloning and genetic engineering:

(a) Human insulin
(b) Penicillin
(c) Interferons
(d) Fertility factor

11. Anticoagulant hirudin is found in:

(a) In Snake
(b) In Lizard
(c) In Leech
(d) In Scorpion

12. ..... .is used as a vector for cloning into higher organisms

(a) Retrovirus
(b) Baculovirus
(c) Salmonella typhimurium
(d) All of these

13. Production of human protein in bacteria by genetic engineering is possible because

(a) Genetic code is universal
(b) Bacterial cell can undertake RNA splicing
(c) Mechanism of gene regulation is identical in human and bacteria
(d) None of these

14. The site of production of ADA in the body is

(a) Lymphocytes
(b) Bone marrow
(c) Blood plasma
(d) Monocytes

15. The trigger for activation of toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis is

(a) Alkaline pH of gut
(b) Mechanical action in the insect gut
(c) High temperature
(d) Acidic pH of stomach

16. Clot buster obtained from Streptococcus and modified by genetic engineering is

(a) Streptokinase
(b) Penicillin
(c) Cyclosporin A
(d) Statins

17. Domestic cooking gas cylinder is filled with

(a) Alcohol
(b) Diesel oil
(c) Liquid petroleum gas
(d) Coal gas

18. Which group is not related with petroplantation

(a) Euphorbiaceae
(b) Asclepiadiaceae
(c) Apocyanaceae
(d) Leguminaceae

19. The pioneer country in the production of 'Fuel alcohol' is

(a) Japan
(b) Brazil
(c) Saudi Arabia
(d) India

20. Conversion of sugar into alcohol during fermentation is due to the direct action of

(a) Temperature
(b) Microorganisms
(c) Zymase
(d) Concentration of sugar solution

21. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains have been used for designing novel             

(a) Bio-metallorgical techniques
(b) Bio-insecticidal plants
(c) Bio-mineralization processes
(d) Bio-fertilizers

22. Cry genes introduced in a plant will not be affective against

(a) lepidoptera
(b) hymenoptera
(c) coleoptera
(d) rodents

23. Which of the following is used to manufacture ethanol from starch

(a) Penicilline
(b) Lactobacillus
(c) Azotobactor 
(d) Saccharomyces

24. A genetically engineered micro-organism used successfully in bioremediation of oil spills is a species of:

(a) Pseudomonas
(b) Trichoderma
(c) Xanthomonas
(d) Bacillus

25. Maximum number of existing transgenic animals is of

(a)  mice
(b)  cow
(c)  pig
(d)  fish

Answer 2

1. Answer : (b) Bacterial cells

Explanation: Restriction endonucleases used widely in RDT are obtained from bacterial cells.

2. Answer : (c) Toxin is inactive

Explanation: Crystals of Bt toxin produced by some bacteria do not kill the bacteria themselves because toxin is inactive . In bacteria, the toxin is present in an inactive form, called prototoxin, which gets converted into active form when it enters the body of an insect.

3. Answer : (d) Tobacco

Explanation: Transgenic crops are disease resistant, pest resistant, environmental change-resistant and etc. Complete answer: The world's first genetically modified crop is the tobacco plant, which produced in 1982; this plant was antibiotic-resistant.

4. Answer : (a) Genetic Engineering

Explanation: Genetic engineering is the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism. Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of one or more genes. Most often, a gene from another species is added to an organism's genome to give it desired phenotype.

5. Answer : (a) Bacillus thuringiensis

Explanation: Cry proteins are a large family of crystalline toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis. Individually, the family members are highly specific, but collectively, they target a diverse range of insects and nematodes.

6. Answer : (b) Intracellular crystal protein

Explanation: A gene from Bt toxin has been cloned from the bacteria and is expressed into plants to provide resistance to pests without the need for insecticides. It secretes toxin extracellularly, which is a crystalline protein that blocks insect gut proteins upon ingestion.

7. Answer : (a) By Protoplast fusion

Explanation: Somatic hybridization is the technique that allows manipulation of the cellular genome by a process called protoplast fusion. It is a type of genetic modification in plants by which two distinct species of plants are fused together to form a new hybrid plant with the characteristics of both.

8. Answer : (d) Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Explanation: One of these is the Ti plasmid from the soil-borne bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. It is the most promising vector to date for plant genetic engineering.

9. Answer : (c) Crysanthemum

Explanation: Pyrethrum is also the name of a natural insecticide made from the dried flower heads of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium and Chrysanthemum coccineum. Its active ingredient are pyrethrins.

10. Answer : (a) Human insulin

Explanation: Recombinant DNA technology was first used commercially to produce human insulin from bacteria. In 1982, genetically engineered insulin was approved for use by diabetics. People with certain types of diabetes inject themselves daily with insulin, a protein hormone that regulated blood sugar.

11. Answer : (c) In Leech

Explanation: The anticoagulant hirudin, which is extracted from the body tissues of the European medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis), is used to prevent blood clots following surgery; another chemical isolated from Amazonian leeches is used to dissolve existing blood clots.

12. Answer : (a) Retrovirus

Explanation: Vectors used for cloning genes into higher organisms are retroviruses.

13. Answer : (a) Genetic code is universal

Explanation: We all know that genetic codes are universal. The order of nucleotides is the same that will result in incorporation of the same amino acid during the process of translation. That is why the production of human protein is possible through genetic engineering.

14. Answer : (a) Lymphocytes

Explanation: The main site of production of ADA in the body is lymphocytes [a form of small leucocyte (white blood cell) with a single round nucleus, occurring especially in the lymphatic system and which plays a large role in defending the body against disease.

15. Answer : (a) Alkaline pH of gut

Explanation: Bt toxins are initially inactive protoxins but after ingestion by the insect these inactive toxin becomes active due to the alkaline pH of the gut which solublise the crystals. Hence, high pH value is required to make Bt toxins active.

16. Answer : (a) Streptokinase

Explanation: Streptokinase (Tissue Plasminogen Activator or TPA) is an enzyme obtained from the cultures of some haemolytic bacterium Streptococcus and modified genetically to function as clot buster.

17. Answer : (c) Liquid petroleum gas

Explanation: LPG, which is heavier than air due to its high density, is a hydrocarbon-based combustible gas. LPG is the generic name of the butane and propane gases and their mixtures in different proportions. In Turkey, LPG used in household gas cylinders consists of 70% butane and 30% propane.

18. Answer : (d) Leguminaceae

Explanation: The important petrol plants belong to Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, and Urticaceae. The family which does not have petro plants is Leguminosae.

19. Answer : (b) Brazil

Explanation: Brazil is the world's largest sugarcane ethanol producer and a pioneer in using ethanol as a motor fuel.

20. Answer : (c) Zymase

Explanation: Conversion of sugar into alcohol during fermentation is due to the direct action of zymase. Zymase is the protein that changes the basic sugars, dextrose, and fructose into carbon dioxide gas and liquor at 37 C, and a few esters bring about creating the interesting fragrance, flavor, and taste of bread.

21. Answer : (b) Bio-insecticidal plants

Explanation: Bacillus thuringiensis strains have been used for designing bio insecticidal plants. A gene from this bacteria have insecticidal property which is transferred to cotton plants to produce Bt cotton which is resistant I to bollworm insect which is a major pest of cotton.

22. Answer : (d) rodents

Explanation: Cry gene produce toxin protein that chocks the gut of insects in presence of alkaline pH to cause death of insects. It is not effective against rodents.

23. Answer : (d) Saccharomyces

Explanation: The first step is saccharification, where starch is converted into sugar using an amylolytic microorganism or enzymes such as glucoamylase and α-amylase. The second step is fermentation, where sugar is converted into ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

24. Answer : (a) Pseudomonas

Explanation: Bioremediation is the process of using living micro-organisms to clean up a contaminated site. Organisms that produce enzymes capable of degrading petroleum are useful in cleaning up oil spills. Some common ones that break down oil are genetically engineered species of Pseudomonas and Azotobactera.

25. Answer : (a)  mice

Explanation: Mice are the most commonly used species for these purposes, but transgenic animals have been produced in a variety of livestock.

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