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State how does ex-situ conservation help in protecting biodiversity.

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Ex situ conservation (Off-site conservation)

▪ This approach involves placing threatened animals and plants in special care units for their protection. 

▪ India has 35 botanical gardens and 275 zoological parks where animals which have become extinct in wild are maintained. 

▪ By using cryopreservation (preservation at –196°C) technique, sperms, eggs, animal cells, tissues and embryos can be stored for long period in genes banks, seed banks, etc. 

▪ Plants are propagated in vitro using tissue culture methods (micropropagation). 

▪ It is the desirable approach when urgent measures to save extinction are required.

S. No. In situ conservation Ex situ conservation
(i)










 
It is conservation and protection of biodiversity in its natural habitat.




 
It is conservation of selected threatened plant and animal species in places outside their natural habitat.
 
(ii)








 
Population is conserved in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive features. Population is conserved under simulated conditions that closely resemble their natural habitats.
 
(iii)





 
E.g., national parks, biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, etc. E.g., botanical gardens, zoological parks, wildlife safari, gene banks, etc.

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