i. Clone: Organisms produced by asexual reproduction or plants produced by vegetative propagation which are identical to their parents are called clones.
ii. Factor: Particles present in an organism which is responsible for the inheritance and expression of the characters is called as Factor.
iii. Gene: (coined by Johannsen) Specific segment of DNA which determines a particular character of an organism.
OR
It is a particular segment of DNA which is responsible for the inheritance and expression of that character.
iv. Alleles or Allelomorphs: (coined by Bateson) Two or more alternative forms of a gene present at the same loci of homologous chromosomes and controlling the same character are called as alleles or allelomorphs.
v. Homozygous: An individual having identical alleles for a particular character is homozygous for that character. It is pure or true breeding. e.g. TT, tt.
vi. Heterozygous: An individual having dissimilar alleles for a particular character is heterozygous for that character. It is a hybrid. e.g. Tt
vii. Genotype: It is the genetic constitution of an individual with respect to a single character or a set of characters. e.g. Tall (TT or Tt), Dwarf (tt).
