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Examine the three main reasons responsible for the split in Congress during 1969.

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The formal split in Congress took place in 1969 on the issue of nomination of the candidate during presidential elections: 

1. Despite, Indira Gandhi’s representatives, the syndicate nominated Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, as the official Congress candidate for ensuring presidential elections. 

2. Indira Gandhi retaliated the situation by encouraging Mr. V.V. Giri, the then Vice President, to be nominated as an independent candidate. 

3. During the election, the then Congress president S. Nijalingappa issue a ‘Whip’ asking all Congress MPs, MLAs to vote for N. Sanjeeva Reddy. 

4. On the other hand, after silently supporting V.V. Giri, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi openly called for a conscience vote to vote the way they want. 

5. Elections went in favor of V.V. Giri due to this diplomatic effort and N. Sanjeeva Reddy was defeated. 

6. The defeat of N. Sanjeeva Reddy, the formal Congress candidate, formalized the split of the party into two: 

(a) Congress (0) i.e organization led by Syndicate, known as Old Congress. 

(b) Congress (R) i.e. requisitionists led by Indira Gandhi, known as New Congress.

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