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Name various plant hormones. Also give their physiological effects on plant growth and development.

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Plant hormone Physiological effect
A. Auxin • Synthesised in the young tip of roots and shoots. It diffuses towards the shady side of plant which stimulates the cells to grow longer, resulting in bending of shoot toward light
• Promotes cell elongation and division
• Play important role in formation of root and seedless fruit
B. Gibberellin • Help in growth of stem and flower
• Help in germination of seed
C. Cytokinins • Promote cell division and delay leaf ageing
• Also stimulate leaf expansion
D. Abscisic Acid • Growth inhibitor
• Reverses the growth promoting effects of auxins and gibberellins
E. Ethylene • Promotes transverse growth
• Essential for fruit ripening, promotes senescence and abscission of leaves

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