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in In search of the Source of Wind by (33.7k points)
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Write a note on the periodic winds.

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Periodic winds are winds that repeat at regular intervals of time and can be seasonal or diurnal. 

There are three types of periodic winds

Monsoon winds: Monsoon winds are those that undergo seasonal reversal of direction. The term monsoon has derived from the Arabic word “Mausim” meaning season. Monsoon is a phenomenon in which reversal of direction of winds occur in a year. The main factors responsible for the formation of monsoon winds are the apparent movement of the sun, Coriolis force and differences in heating.

Sun’s rays fall vertically to the north of the equator during certain months due to the tilt of the earth’s axis. This leads to an increase in temperature along the region through which Tropic of Cancer passes. The pressure belts also shift slightly northwards in accordance with this. The south east trade winds cross the equator and move towards the north. As the trade winds cross the equator, they get deflected and transform into south west monsoon winds under the influence of the Coriolis effect. The low pressure formed over the land due to the intense day temperature attracts these sea winds and further contributes to the formation of south west monsoon winds.

As a result of the formation of high pres¬sure zones over the Asian landmasses during winter and low pressure zones over the Indian Ocean, the north east trade winds get strength¬ened. These are the north east monsoon winds.

Land breeze and sea breeze: During day time, the land gets heated up quickly. As a result, the air in contact with the land also gets heated. This leads to the formation of low pressure over the land which causes comparatively cooler air to blow from the sea. This is known as sea breeze.

As the land cools faster than the sea during the night, it would be high pressure over the land and low pressure over the sea. This results in the movement of air from the land to sea. This is the land breeze.

Mountain breeze and valley breeze : Mountain breeze and valley breeze are winds experienced in mountainous regions. During the day, the air in the valley gets heated up more than the air on the mountain tops. As a result, the wind blows upslope form the valley. This is called valley breeze.

During the night, the air in the mountainous regions cools due to the intense cold conditions in that region. As cool air is denser, it blows towards the valley. This is called mountain breeze

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