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in Chemical Reactions of Organic Compounds by (37.7k points)
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Take 10 mL each of hard water in two test tubes. Add a few drops of soap solution in the first test tube and add the same amount of detergent solution in the second one. Shake both the test tubes well. What do you observe? Which test tube contains more foam?

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Soap does not lather well in hard water. The hardness of water is due to dissolved calcium and magnesium salts in it. These salts react with soap to form insoluble compounds resulting in the decrease of lather. But detergents do not give insoluble components on reaction with these salts. Hence detergents are more effective than soaps in hard water.

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