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What is the difference between:

(a) ionic compounds and polar covalent compounds,

(b) ionic compounds and covalent compounds,

(c) a polar covalent compound and a non-polar covalent compound?

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(a) Ionic compounds are formed as a result of transfer of one or more electrons from the atom of a metallic electropositive element to an atom of a non-metallic electronegative element. A polar covalent compound is the one in which there is an unequal distribution of electrons between the two atoms.

(b) Ionic compounds, made up of ions, are generally crystalline solids with high melting and boiling points. They are soluble in water and good conductors of electricity in aqueous solution and molten state. Covalent compounds, made up of molecules, can exist as soft solids or liquids or gases with low melting and boiling points. They are generally insoluble in water and poor conductors of electricity.

(c) Polar covalent compounds are formed between 2 non-metal atoms that have different electro negativities and therefore have unequal sharing of the bonded electron pair. Non-polar compounds are formed when two identical non-metals equally share electrons between them.

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