(1) Heredity: Heredity is the process by which the biological characters from parental generation are transmitted to the next generation through genes.
(2) The mechanism of hereditary changes:
- Mutation: Sudden change in the parental DNA can cause mutations. This results into changes in the hereditary characters.
- At the time of meiosis, the crossing over takes place. This creates new recombination of the genetic information. Therefore, the haploid gametes produced carry changed hereditary characters.
