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Describe in details different types of mycorrhizae.

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Mycorrhizae are fungi that form symbiotic association with the roots of higher plants in humid forests. 

There are two types as follows: 

(1) Ectomycorrhizae:

  • Mycelium of these fungi form mantle on the surface of the roots. 
  • Due to this absorptive surface area of roots increases and uptake of water and nutrients (N, P Ca and K) improves. 
  • The plant vigour, growth and yield increase. 
  • Some hyphae may penetrate into the root and form hartig-net in ‘the intercellular spaces of root cortex.

(2) Endomycorrhizae:

  • Fugal hypahe of endomycorrhizae penetrate the root cortex and form branched arbuscules intracellularly. They also form vesicles mostly in the intercellular spaces. 
  • Hence, they are called Vesiculo Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM). Nowadays they are described as AM fungi.
  • The plants associated with VAM grow luxuriantly in less irrigated lands. 
  • VAM increase the productivity of field.

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