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Describe in detail about the pH scale and discuss about the structure methane, ethylene and ethyne or acetylene with a neat sketch.

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The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. It ranges from 0 to 14. If a pH is lower than 7 it indicates the solution is an acid. If it is above 7 it is a base or Alkaline. If a pH is a 7 it is neutral. Strong acids have lower pHs than weak acids and strong bases have lower pHs than weak bases. A neutral solution is neither an acid or base. It has a pH of 7.

Structure of a Methane Molecule:

A carbon atom has 4 electrons in its outer shell. Carbon is in group 4 of the periodic table. A hydrogen atom has 1 electron in its outer shell. Hydrogen can only form 1 bond.     Four hydrogen atoms will each share their 1 electron with carbon to form four covalent bonds and make a methane molecule  (CH4).

Structure of ETHYLENE

Chemical Names: ETHYLENE; Ethene; Acetene; Elayl; Olefiant gas; Athylen 

Molecular Formula: (C2H4)n or undefined or C2H4

Structure of Ethyne:

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