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How is soap prepared? Why it does not form lather with hard water?

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  • When oil or animal fat is boiled with an aqueous solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide, sodium or potassium salts of carboxylic acids (fatty acids) are formed.
  • These salts are called soap.
  • When soap is mixed with hard water, calcium and magnesium salts of fatty acids are formed.
  • These being water insoluble, they form a precipitate and that is why lather is not formed.

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