a. 1. Plant’s stem is fleshy, leaves get modified into thorns to reduce loss of water. Steam perform photosynthesis in the absence of leaves.
2. Animals have cushioned soles, hump, long legs and nostrils are protected by folds of skin. Eyelashes are long and thick.
b. Insects like grasshoppers have green colour so they can be camouflaged amidst grasses.
c. In equatorial region grasses are very tall, so to protect themselves animals like tiger, elephants and deer remain hidden in these tall grasses.
d. It helps the animals to receive sounds from long distance, and they can protect themselves from predators.