(i) Flowers are light, small and inconspicuous.
(ii) Pollen grains are light, protected by mucilage covering and therefore unwettable.
(iii) Stigma long and sticky.
(iv) Female flowers reach the surface of water.
(v) Male flowers are also released on the surface of water so that they may be carried through water currents to the stigmas of female flowers to effect pollination at the water surface as it Vallisneria.
