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Explain the precautions that are taken while estimating national income by value added method.

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While calculating national income by value added method, value of the following items should be included: (i) Imputed rent of owner occupied houses. (ii) Imputed value of goods and services produced for self-consumption or for free distribution. (iii) Value of own-account production of fixed assets by enterprises, government and households. (iv) Only value added and not value of output by production units should be included (i.e., avoid double counting). (v) Do not include sale of second-hand goods because they are not fresh production activity. However, brokerage or commission paid to facilitate the sale is included as it is a fresh production activity.

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