Question: $ (x+3)/[√(5 – 4x – x²)]
Let $ = Integral symbol, § = Angle theta
First of all, let's simplify the denominator.
5 – 4x – x² = 5 – (x² + 4x + )
We complete the square, but we must be careful of the signs. Note that I put the x² term and the x term inside brackets with a minus sign outside. Naturally, the –4x becomes 4x inside the brackets. Now we can complete the square inside the brackets and 'add' on a similar amount outside the brackets; so nothing has changed.
We have,
5 – (x² – 4x + 2²) + 2² = 9 – (x + 2)²
Now that we're done simplifying, we put that back into the denominator.
$ (x+3)/(√(9 – (x+2)²))
If x + 2 = 3 sin §
Differentiating, we have dx = 3cos § d§
Let x + 3 = (x +2) + 1
= $ [(3sin§ + 1)/(√(9 – (x + 2)²))] • 3cos § d§
Remember (x + 2) = 3sin§
= $ [(3sin § + 1)(3cos §)]/(3cos §) • d§
3cos § cancels 3cos §
= $ (3sin § + 1)d§
= –3cos § + § + C
Drawing a right-angled triangle with sin § = (x + 2)/3 , cos § = {√[9 – (x+2)²]}
Substituting cos § and sin § into our final answer, we have
= {–3[√(9 – (x+2)²))]/ 3} + arcsin (x+2)/3 + C
Simplifying further,
= [–√(9–(x+2)²)] + arcsin(x+2)/3 + C
= [–√(5 – 4x – x²) ] + arcsin (x+2)/3 + C
I hope this helps.