Speciation: It is an event that splits a population into two independent species which cannot reproduce among them.
• Process of speciation-
Genetic drift: It occurs due to changes in the frequencies of particular genes by chance alone. e.g. If a hurricane strikes the mainland, and bananas with beetle eggs on them are washed away to an island. This is called a genetic drift.
natural selection: These are the variations caused in individuals due to natural selection which lead to the formation of a new species. e.g. If the ecological conditions are slightly different on the island as compared to the mainland, it leads to a change in the morphology and food preferences in the organisms over the course of generations.
splitting of population: A population splits into different subpopulations due to geographical isolation that leads to the formation of a new species.
