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(a) Explain the different ways apomictic seeds can develop. Give an example of each.
(b) Mention one advantage of apomictic seeds to farmers.
(c ) Draw a labelled mature stage of a dicotyledonous embryo.

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(a) Apomixis is a special mechanism of production seeds by flowering plants without fertisation. The different ways apomictic seeds can develop are :
(i) Diploid egg cell is formed without reduction divison develops into the embryo with out fertilisaation. Eg : Grasses.
(ii) Nucellar cells surrounding the embryo sac divide and protrude into the embryo sac and develop into Embryos. Eg : Citrus and mango.
(b) (i) Apomixis provides an opportunity to the formers to keep using the same hybrid seeds year after year and not buy hybrid seeds every year. This is because, if the hybrid seeds are not made apomictic then they lose hybrid character due to segregation in the next generation.
(ii) Apromixis makes use of hybrid seeds more economical.

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