Following factors play a very important role in the emergence of sociology and these factors influenced the field of sociology in different ways.
1. Commercial Revolution : It took place between 1450 and 1800 CE. It leads to expansion of banking services. Paper currency was introduced. It also resulted in the rise of the middle class
2. Industrial Revolution: During the 18th century, in England, the Industrial Revolution took place. It affected the social and economic life of the people. During the industrial revolution new tools and techniques were discovered, which could produce goods on a large scale. This gave rise to the factory system of production. This brought a change in the economy from feudal to capitalist system of production. A new class of capitalist emerged, due to this revolution, society moved from handmade goods to machine made goods.
3. French Revolution : French Revolution was one of the best examples of struggle for freedom and equality. Through this revolution feudal system had been overthrown. The new system came into existence which was based on the principles of liberty, fraternity and equality. French revolution brought tremendous changes in the life of the people not only in France but all over Europe. Hence, French revolution led to changes in society.
4. Scientific Revolution : Europe produced a ‘Scientific Revolution’ in the Renaissance period. The impact of the scientific revolution greatly affected the material life as well as ideas about nature and society. The Enlightenment period saw the beginning of the scientific Revolution.
5. Urbanisation : It is a result of industrial revolution. Large number of people migrated from rural area to urban areas. This migration and expansion of cities resulted in endless problems such as overcrowding, pollution, traffic, lack of health care, growth of slums etc.
