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Explain the terms:

i. Valency of an element 

ii. Oxidation state (or oxidation number) 

iii. Chemical reactivity

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i. Valency of an element:

  • Valency of an element indicates the number of chemical bonds that the atom can form giving a molecule.
  • The most fundamental chemical property of an element is its combining power. This property is numerically expressed in terms of valency or valence.
  • Valence does not have any sign associated with it.
  • Valency of the main group elements is usually equal to the number of valence electrons (outer electrons) and/or equal to difference between 8 and the number of valence electrons.

ii. Oxidation state (or oxidation number):

  • The oxidation state or oxidation number is a frequently used term related to valence.
  • Oxidation number has a sign, + or – which is decided by the electronegativities of atoms that are bonded.

iii. Chemical reactivity:

  • Chemical reactivity is related to the ease with which an element loses or gains the electrons.
  • Chemical properties of elements depend on their electronic configuration.

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