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Write in brief how Aluminium is extracted from bauxite?

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The extraction of the metal from bauxite involves the three main steps.

  • Concentration of Bauxite (Al2​O3​.2H2​O)

Concentration of ore is done by leaching which helps in removing impurities like Fe2​O3​,SiO2​, etc. Bauxite is treated with NaOH to form sodium aluminate which on further reaction with CO2​ gives pure Alumina.

  • Electrolytic reduction of Alumina (Al2​O3​)

Electrolytic reduction of pure alumina takes place in iron box (cathode) with cryolite (Na3​AlF6​) and fluorspar (CaF2​) which lowers the melting point and increases the conductivity of electrolyte. Graphide rods act as anode.

At cathode:-

Al3++3e⟶Al

At anode:- The oxygen liberated at anode reacts with the carbon of anode to produce CO and CO2​.

C+O2−⟶CO + 2e

C+2O2−⟶CO2​+4e

By this process 98.8% pure aluminium is obtained.

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