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The office of Lokpal and Lokayukta in India resemble which of the following ?
1. Parliamentary Commissioner of India
2. Ombudsman in Scandinavia
3. Prosecutor General of Russia
4. Council of State in France
5.

1 Answer

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Correct Answer - Option 2 : Ombudsman in Scandinavia

The correct answer Ombudsman in Scandinavia

  • The Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013 provided for the establishment of Lokpal for the Union and Lokayukta for the States.
  • These institutions are statutory bodies without any constitutional status. Hence 1 is incorrect.
  • They perform the function of an "ombudsman” and inquire into allegations of corruption against certain public functionaries and for related matters. Hence 2 is correct.
    • In 1809, the institution of ombudsman was inaugurated officially in Sweden. Hence 3 is incorrect.
    • In the 20th century, Ombudsman as an institution developed and grew most significantly after the Second World War.
    • New Zealand and Norway adopted this system in the year 1962 and it proved to be of great significance in spreading the concept of the ombudsman.
    • In 1967, on the recommendations of the Whyatt Report of 1961, Great Britain adopted the institution of the ombudsman and became the first large nation in the democratic world to have such a system.
  • In India, the concept of constitutional ombudsman was first proposed by the then law minister Ashok Kumar Sen in parliament in the early 1960s.
  • The term Lokpal and Lokayukta were coined by Dr. L. M. Singhvi.
    • "India Against Corruption movement" led by Anna Hazare put pressure on the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government at the Centre and resulted in the passing of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Bill, 2013, in both the Houses of Parliament.
    • It received assent from President on 1 January 2014 and came into force on 16 January 2014.
  • Structure of Lokpal
    • Lokpal is a multi-member body, that consists of one chairperson and a maximum of 8 members.
    • Chairperson of the Lokpal should be either the former Chief Justice of India or the former Judge of Supreme Court or an eminent person with impeccable integrity and outstanding ability, having special knowledge and expertise of minimum of 25 years in the matters relating to anti-corruption policy, public administration, vigilance, finance including insurance and banking, law and management.
    • Out of the maximum eight members, half will be judicial members and a minimum of 50% of the Members will be from SC/ ST/ OBC/ Minorities and women.
    • The judicial member of the Lokpal is either a former Judge of the Supreme Court or a former Chief Justice of a High Court.
    • The term of office for Lokpal Chairman and Members is 5 years or till the age of 70 years.
  • Motto
    • “Ma Gridhah Kasyasvidhanam (Do not be greedy for anyone’s wealth)”.
    • Lokpal has decided its motto/slogan based on their own inputs and discussions.

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