Correct Answer - Option 4 : Relative grading
Grading-
Grading is a process of classifying students into different categories on the basis of pre-defined standards and representing each category by a specific letter. Grades are the means of reporting students' performance, it is necessary to use the symbols in such a way that it ought to be clearly defined and uniformly understood by all concerned like students, teachers, and parents.
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Relative grading is a system of assessment whereby teachers in some university and college classes determine student grades by comparing them against those of their peers. Unlike the system of absolute grading, where a student’s score on a given test or assignment directly converts into a letter grade (for example, 10/10 is A+; 9/10 is A, etc.), relative grading means students’ marks fluctuate depending on how they did compared to others in class.
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Relative grading refers to a system of evaluation that allows educators to convert the outcomes of a student’s test, project or assignment and adjust that final grade in relation to grades from other students in the course.
- Relative grading is similar to bell curving or grading on a curve, and considers the highest score as the baseline (A+), relatively adjusting all others compared to that score.
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Absolute Grading- Each grade is associated with a fixed performance regardless of the fixed proportion of grades ultimately assigned in the class it is known as absolute grading.
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Norm-Referenced Grading- In norm-referenced systems students are evaluated in relationship to one another (e.g., the top 10% of students receive an A, the next 30% a B, etc.). This grading system rests on the assumption that the level of student performance will not vary much from class to class. In this system the instructor usually determines the percentage of students assigned each grade.