Question

The tendency of a child in the Preoperational stage of cognitive development in which inferences move from particular situation to particular aspects is:
1. Inductive reasoning
2. Deductive reasoning
3. Critical Reasoning
4. Transductive Reasoning

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 1 : Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning	Inductive reasoning proceeds from the particular to general from the concrete to the abstract.  It begins with observations that are specific and limited in scope and proceeds to a generalized conclusion that is likely, but not certain, in light of accumulated evidence. Inductive reasoning moves from the specific to the general. Much scientific research is carried out by the inductive method: gathering evidence, seeking patterns, and forming a hypothesis or theory to explain what is seen. Conclusions reached by the inductive method are not logical necessities; no amount of inductive evidence guarantees the conclusion. This is because there is no way to know that all the possible evidence has been gathered and that there exists no further bit of unobserved evidence that might invalidate my hypothesis.
Deductive reasoning	Deductive Reasoning works from more general to particular or specific. It is also known as top-down thinking because it usually starts with general conclusion and ends with a specific conclusion.
Critical Reasoning	Critical reasoning involves the ability to actively and skillfully conceptualize, analyze, question and evaluate ideas and beliefs. To reason critically is to question the ideas and beliefs of others and oneself and to challenge dogma and authority. When we start to question the ideas and beliefs we live by, we start to think for ourselves. To think for ourselves involves a critical attitude of reflecting upon how we think and act. To think critically is to question the world and thus to engage critically with the possibilities and alternatives which the world offers.
Transductive Reasoning	Transductive reasoning is a type of flawed logic that is most commonly used by very young children to connect meaning between events where there is no correlation.  Transductive reasoning causes people to think there are connections between events that are not accurate based on past experience, patterns, or belief systems.