Correct Answer - Option 1 : Advance organizer
Advance Organizer Model of teaching:
- The Advance Organizer Model is given by David Ausubel who is one of the educational psychologists.
- This theory of meaningful verbal learning deals with three concerns:-
- (a) How knowledge (curriculum content) is organized
- (b) How the mind works to process new information (learning); and
- (c) How teachers can apply these ideas about curriculum and learning when they present new material to students (instruction).
- This model is designed to strengthen students’ cognitive structure. In this model, the teacher plays the role of organizer of subject matter and presents information through lectures, readings, and providing tasks to the learner to integrate what has been learned. In this approach, the teacher is responsible for organizing and presenting what is to be learned. The learner’s primary role is to master ideas and information. The Advance Organizers provide concepts and principles to the students directly.
- According to Ausubel whether the material is meaningful or not depends more on the preparation of the learner and on the organization of the material than it does on the method of presentation.
- In the example given above, the teacher while explaining the concept is trying to use the Advance Organizer Model, where he is segregating the children and giving them work individually. This will help in instilling among the students the ability to look for answers themselves.
Constructivist model of teaching- Constructivist teaching is based on the belief that learning occurs as learners are actively involved in a process of meaning and knowledge construction rather than passively receiving information. Learners are the makers of meaning and knowledge. Constructivist teaching fosters critical thinking and creates motivated and independent learners.
Inductive Inquiry- inquiry-based learning experiences involve situations in which learners use inductive reasoning processes to discover patterns, solutions, ideas, and underlying principles and generalizations. Inquiry-based education includes guided inquiry, problem-based learning, project-based learning, case-based learning, discovery, and “just-in-time” in all of these methods teachers’ planning begins by specifying the few generalizations and key concepts that are the focus of the activity or unit. The learning usually involves interpreting some kind of evidence.
Critical pedagogy- Critical pedagogy is a teaching philosophy that invites educators to encourage students to critique structures of power and oppression. It is rooted in critical theory, which involves becoming aware of and questioning the societal status quo. In critical pedagogy, a teacher uses his or her own enlightenment to encourage students to question and challenge inequalities that exist in families, schools, and societies.
Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.
