Concept:
Lumped parameter analysis:
Internal/conductive resistance is very little as compared to surface convective resistance and the temperature distribution is given by
\(\frac{{{T}_{i}}-{{T}_{\infty }}}{T-{{T}_{\infty }}~}=~{{e}^{\left( \frac{hA}{ρ V{{C}_{p}}} \right)t}}\)
\(\frac{hA}{ρ V{{C}_{p}}}t=\ln\left( \frac{{{T}_{i}}-{{T}_{\infty }}}{T-{{T}_{\infty }}~} \right)\)
where
- Ti = Initial temperature of beat at t = 0,
- T = Temperature of body at any instant ‘t’ sec
- T∞ = Ambient fluid temperature
- h = heat transfer coefficient, ρ is the density of the metal sphere
For sphere: \(\frac{V}{A} = \frac{{Volume\;of\;body}}{{surface\;area}} = \frac{{\frac{4}{3}π {r^3}}}{{4π {r^2}}} = \frac{r}{3}\)
V/A = r/3
Calculation:
Given:
Cp = 314 J/kgK, h = 10 W/m2K, m = 1 kg, A = 0.0314 m2
Ti = 50°C, T∞ = 10°C, T = 20°C
surface area of sphere, A = 4 π r2 = 0.0314 m2
⇒ r = 0.05 m
density of the metal sphere,
\(\rho = {mass\over volume \;of \;sphere} = {m\over{\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3}}\)
\(={ 1\over{\frac{4}{3}\pi\;0.05^3 }}\) =1909.86 kg/m3
Using the equation below and putting the given values:
\(\frac{hA}{ρ V{{C}_{p}}}t=\ln\left( \frac{{{T}_{i}}-{{T}_{\infty }}}{T-{{T}_{\infty }}~} \right)\)
\(\ln\left( {\frac{{50 - 10}}{{20 - 10}}} \right) = \left( {\frac{{10 × 3 }}{{0.05× 1909.86 × 314}}} \right) × t\)
\(⇒ t= \frac{{1.386 × \;0.05 × 1909.86 × 314}}{{10 × 3}} \)
⇒ t =1385.29 seconds
∴ Time is taken (in seconds) for the sphere to cool down to 20°C is = 1385.29 sec