Question

The three languages included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution by the 71^st amendment are:-
1. Konkani, English, Manipuri
2. Konkani, Nepali, Dogri
3. Konkani, Nepali, Maithili
4. Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 4 : Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali

The correct answer is Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali.

• 71st amendment (1992) to the Indian constitution added Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali to the Eighth schedule.
• Presently the Eighth schedule consists of 22 languages.
  • Initially, there were only 14.
  • Sindhi was added by 21^st amendment in 1967.
  • Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali in 1992 by 71^stamendment.
  • Bodo, Dogri, Maithali and Santhali were added in 2004 by the 92^nd amendment.

• Article 368 deals with the power of parliament to amend the constitution.
• Amenability of the Indian Constitution is subject to the doctrine of basic structure.
  • Basic structure doctrine was laid down by the Supreme court in Keshashavananda Bharti Case, 1973.
  • Its subject matter is to be decided on a case to case basis.
• Indian constitution can be amended in three ways:
  • Amendment by a simple majority of the Parliament.
    • This does not come under Article 368.
  • Amendment by a special majority of the Parliament.
  • Amendment by a special majority of the Parliament and the ratification of half of the state legislature.
    • Article 368 deals with the second and third type.

Schedules to the Indian constitution

SCHEDULE	PROVISIONS
First	Lists the states and territories of India
Second	Lists the salaries of officials holding public office, Presidents, judges, and Comptroller and Auditor General of India
Third	oaths and Affirmations of offices for elected officials including judges
Fourth	Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha (the Upper House of Parliament) per State or Union Territory
Fifth	Provisions as to the Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes
Sixth	Provisions as to the Administration of Tribal Areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram
Seventh	The Union, state, and concurrent lists of responsibilities
Eighth	The Languages
Ninth	Validation of certain Acts and Regulations
Tenth	"Anti-defection" provisions for the Members of Parliament and the Members of the State Legislatures
Eleventh	Panchayat Raj (rural local government)
Twelfth	Municipalities (urban local government)