Correct Answer - Option 3 : Machine Load
Explanation:
Load Determination in the designing of bridge or culvert:
(i)
Determining the potential loads or forces that are anticipated to act on a bridge is related to the bridge location and purpose. Engineers consider three main types of loads: dead loads, live loads and environmental loads.
(ii) Dead loads include the weight of the bridge itself plus any other permanent object affixed to the bridge, such as toll booths, highway signs, guardrails, gates or a concrete road surface.
(iii) Live loads are temporary loads that act on a bridge, such as cars, trucks, trains or pedestrians.
(iv) Environmental loads are temporary loads that act on a bridge and that are due to weather or other environmental influences, such as wind from hurricanes, tornadoes or high gusts, snow, and earthquakes. Rainwater collecting might also be a factor if proper drainage is not provided.
Machine load is not consider in the designing of Bridges.
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