Correct Answer - Option 4 : all of the above
Explanation:
The most common type of hydroelectric power plant is an impoundment facility. An impoundment facility, typically a large hydropower system, uses a dam to store river water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which in turn activates a generator to produce electricity. The initial cost of setting turbines and reservoir made high in cost and running cost is low with greater than 50% efficiency.
The future growth of large scale hydro power plants in the developed world probably will be limited because
1. the release of impounded water alters stream flow patterns
2. most economical sites are already used
3. reservoirs eventually fill with sediments
Site selection of hydroelectric power plant:
Site selection and factors affecting the location of dam of hydroelectric power plants are storage of water, cost and type of land, transportation facilities, constituents of a hydro-electric plant, hydraulic structure and a schematic arrangement of hydro-electric power station and its operation.
The principle of the hydropower plants is that the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Because the water stored at great heights in the dam so it’s allowing the water to flow at high speed. Then the kinetic energy of flowing water used to generate electricity.
Sedimentation is not a requirement for site selection of hydroelectric power plants because sedimentation may reduce the water storage capacity of reservoir and may also cause damage to the turbine blades.
Availability of water, large catchment area and rocky land are the primary requirements for site selection of hydroelectric power plants.