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State and explain the principle of superposition of waves.

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Principle of superposition of waves : The displacement at a point due to the combined effect of a number of waves arriving simultaneously at the point is the vector sum of the displacements due to the individual waves arriving at the point.

Explanation : This is a general principle of linear systems applied to wave phenomena. When two or more wave trains arrive at a point simultaneously, they interpenetrate without disturbing each other. The resultant displacement at that point is the vector sum of the displacements due to the individual waves arriving at the point. The amplitude and phase angle of the resulting disturbance are functions of the individual amplitudes and phases.

Notes :

1. In the case of mechanical waves, e.g., sound, the displacement is that of a vibrating particle of the medium. 

2. When we consider superposition of electromagnetic waves, light in this chapter, the term displacement refers to the electric field component of the electromagnetic wave.

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