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A land is said to be water-logged, when
1. The land is necessarily submerged under standing water
2. There is a flowing water over the land
3. The pH of the soil becomes as high as 8.5
4. The soil pores in the root zone get saturated with water, either by the actual watertable or by its capillary fringe
5. The pH of the soil becomes as low as 6

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Correct Answer - Option 4 : The soil pores in the root zone get saturated with water, either by the actual watertable or by its capillary fringe

Explanation:

Waterlogging is simply the saturation of soil with water when the capillary fringe reaches the root zone of plants.

Causes of Waterlogging

  1. Excessive irrigation and poor drainage system by farmers.
  2. Natural causes such as prolonged rainfall or flood.
  3. Interflows and seepage from nearby water bodies like lakes, shallow aquifers, etc.
  4. Soil type like clay holds water due to low permeability.
  5. An impervious stratum below the topsoil, obstructs the infiltration of rainfall, causing a false water table or perched water table.

Effects of Waterlogging

  1. Poor aeration.
  2. Alters pH.
  3. Changes in soil temperature.
  4. Retard cultivation.
  5. Affects soil nutrients.
  6. Affects human health due to mosquito breeding and disease vectors.​​

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