Question

The three grounds on which emergency can be proclaimed under article 352 of the constitution do not include-
1. Internal Disturbance
2. War
3. External Aggression
4. Armed Rebellion

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 1 : Internal Disturbance

The correct answer is Internal Disturbance.

• Article 352 says that the President can impose an emergency if he agrees that a grave security threat exists whereby the security of India, or of any part of her territory is threatened whether by war, external aggression, or armed rebellion, he/she can declare emergency rule in the whole of India or on any part of the Indian Territory.
  • This is also called a ‘National Emergency’.
  • It can apply to the entire country or part.
  • It can be declared even before an actual occurrence if the president is satisfied with an imminent threat.
  • The president can declare this only after the written recommendation of the entire cabinet.
  • A proclamation can be subject to judicial review.​
• Hence, option 1 is correct.

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• Article 356
  • According to Article 356, President’s Rule can be imposed on any state of India on the grounds of the failure of the constitutional machinery.
• Article 365
  • As per this Article, President’s Rule can be imposed if any state fails to comply with all directions given by the Union on matters it is empowered to.
• Financial Emergency- Article 360 
  • If the President of India is satisfied that a situation has arisen due to which the financial stability or credit of India or any part of its territory is threatened.
    • He/she can declare the Financial Emergency on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers.
• Article 360 gives authority to the President of India to declare a financial emergency.