Question

What is the penalty factor of a plant if its incremental loss is 0.2?
1. 5
2. 0.8
3. 0.2
4. 1.25

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 4 : 1.25

Penalty factor:

• The penalty factor in the power system is a factor by which the incremental cost of power production of the plant must be multiplied to accommodate for the transmission losses.
• It is also defined as the ratio of power generated by the plant to the actual power demand of the load being met after transmission loss.
• The incremental production cost of all operating pants should be equal.
•  Penalty factor \(= \frac{1}{{1 - \left( {\frac{{d{P_L}}}{{d{P_n}}}} \right)\;}}\)

Where\(\left( {\frac{{d{P_L}}}{{d{P_n}}}} \right)\) is the loss factor or incremental transmission loss.

Calculation:

Given that

Incremental loss or loss factor = \(\left( {\frac{{d{P_L}}}{{d{P_n}}}} \right)\)= 0.2

⇒ Penalty factor = \(\frac{1}{{1 - 0.2}}\) = 1 / 0.8 = 1.25